Multi-disciplinary Journal of Research and Development Perspectives
type: channel
description: Welcome to the Multi-Disciplinary Journal of Research and Development Perspective. The objective of the Journal is to provide an appropriate forum for interrogation and dissemination of contemporary empirically based ideas, theories and information by academics and practitioners in all fields. The scope of the Journal encompasses such areas as Social Sciences, Management Sciences, Law, Environmental Sciences, Education, Arts and Humanities and Environmental Sciences
publisher: University of Calabar
language: en
publication name: Multi-disciplinary Journal of Research and Development Perspectives
issn: 2315-9936
items: The internet, global prostitution industry and the place of social work
items: Empowering skills, raising awareness, and advancing crime control in South-South Nigeria
items: Socioeconomic determinants of traditional healthcare utilization in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State
items: Intelligent gathering and crime control in Nigeria: A critical sociological view
items: Youth unemployment and criminal activities in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria
items: The role of public administration in enhancing policy implementation: A case study of Cross River State, Nigeria
items: Naira scarcity and the socioeconomic wellbeing of residents in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria
items: Raising citizens’ consciousness on attitudinal change, establishment of crime advocacy clubs in schools and crime control
items: The electric car revolution in Africa: How long will it take and who will best accomplish it?
items: Pension administration and post-retirement welfare of university employees in Nigeria: A situational analysis of Benue State University
items: ICT-Aided Supervision and Teachers’ Job Performance in Secondary Schools in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria.
items: The challenges of neoliberal strategies in the management of tropical rainforests in Cross River State, Nigeria
items: Public policy, economic growth, and poverty reduction: A comparative analysis of Cross River State, Nigeria
items: Evaluation of heavy metals concentration in some mollusc species and human health risk in selected communities of Bakor sub-tribe, Ogoja, Nigeria
items: Social work intervention and management of indigent patients in government hospitals in Cross River State, Nigeria
items: Healthcare delivery and rural development in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area, Nigeria
items: Integration of social work intervention and literacy education: A catalyst for inclusive national development
items: Ageism and coping strategies among the elderly in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria
items: Witchcraft perceptions and branding of the aged among Efiks and Ibibios of Southern Nigeria
items: Mental health implication of nomadic influx and rural banditry in North-Central Region of Nigeria
items: Decolonization of social work: A panacea for effective and efficient social work practice in post-colonial Nigeria
items: Microfinance banks’ services and poverty alleviation in rural communities in Cross River State, Nigeria
items: Library science education, social work interventions and national development
items: Artificial intelligence: The missing link in fighting crimes and insecurity in Nigeria
items: Germaneness of human capital variables to health indicators in Nigeria.
items: Taxation and profitability of small and medium enterprises in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria.
items: The future of vocational training in Nigeria: Addressing skill gaps for economic development
items: Conflict management strategies and performance of health institutions in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State
items: The Nigerian cashless policy and e-banking operations: Interrogating the challenges
items: The Nigerian government: The economic, sociological and political dimension of agitation for national minimum wage

The internet, global prostitution industry and the place of social work
type: item
description: Though sex has a very long history which has existed long before now, it has never taken the dimension and proportion it has taken in recent times. Sex as an industry has expanded over the last decades which has facilitated the exploitation of women world over but mostly in developing countries. The exploitation and expansion of the prostitution industry has gained scholarly recognition through the presence of affordable internet facilities. This paper examines the extent to which the internet promotes global prostitution and the place of social work practice in curbing this menace. Variables considered were global bride trafficking as well as video sex conferencing. Conceptual classifications on the internet and global prostitutions were reviewed accordingly, while social network theory was employed. The paper was a quantitative study with a sample of 230 participants selected purposively for the study. The sampling technique was convenience sampling. Statistical tool for testing the studies hypotheses was Chi-square tool at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed a significant relationship between internet and global bride trafficking and video sex conferencing through social media sites. The study concluded that, it is a clear evidence that the internet through social media sites have significant impact on global prostitution. The community has made the world a global village where sex is traded across borders. It however recommended the abolition of all sites and social media sites that promotes live sex conferencing. There should be effort geared toward the abolition and destruction of all obscene sites and media platform that promote pornography.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Internet
  topic: keywords
subject: global prostitution
  topic: keywords
subject: social work practice
  topic: keywords
subject: sex
  topic: keywords
subject: trafficking
  topic: keywords
subject: video conference
  topic: keywords
creator: Bassey Ikpeme
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-14
publication date: 2026-05-14
starting page: 299
ending page: 308

Empowering skills, raising awareness, and advancing crime control in South-South Nigeria
type: item
description: This study explores non-kinetic security strategies—skill empowerment, awareness creation, and community engagement—as tools for advancing crime control in South-South Nigeria. Using a survey research design, data were collected through structured questionnaires and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) from stakeholders, including security personnel, community leaders, and youth groups across six states. Findings reveal significant links between skill empowerment and crime control, showing how equipping individuals with marketable skills reduces socio-economic disparities and criminal activities. Awareness creation also proves critical, fostering collaboration with law enforcement, improving crime reporting, and enhancing prevention. Grounded in strain theory, the study emphasizes the need for tailored interventions addressing regional socio-economic realities. Recommendations include expanding vocational training for vulnerable populations, integrating awareness campaigns into schools and communities, and collaborating with institutions like religious bodies and media. These strategies promote sustainable crime control, offering practical guidance for policymakers, security agencies, and community leaders.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Empowering Skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Raising Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Crime Control
  topic: keywords
subject: South-South Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: D. C. Enamhe
creator: W. O. Williams
creator: T. J. Omotosho
creator: Terso Asongo
creator: F. Uyang
creator: Agba Ogaboh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 155
ending page: 171

Socioeconomic determinants of traditional healthcare utilization in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State
type: item
description: This study explores the socioeconomic determinants of traditional healthcare utilization in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. The research investigates the relationship between occupation, income level, educational level, and the use of traditional healthcare services. A survey design was employed, with 402 respondents selected through multistage sampling from six randomly chosen streets across the Calabar Municipality and Calabar South. The study’s hypotheses were tested to determine the significance of the relationship between these socioeconomic factors and healthcare utilization. Findings reveal that occupation does not significantly influence traditional healthcare utilization, while both income level and educational level show a perfect positive correlation with usage. Based on these results, the study recommends enhanced social investment programs to address income inequality and improve healthcare access. It also advocates for increased public awareness through collaborative campaigns by the government, NGOs, and media to educate the public on the benefits of traditional healthcare services in in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Socioeconomic determinants
  topic: keywords
subject: Traditional healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: Utilization
  topic: keywords
subject: Income and education
  topic: keywords
creator: Dorothy Ikpeme
creator: Hannah Udom
creator: Victoria Undeshi
creator: Dorothy Afu
creator: Eshiga Agbor
creator: Fidelia Ubijor
creator: John Betiang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 110
ending page: 126

Intelligent gathering and crime control in Nigeria: A critical sociological view
type: item
description: Security challenges such as militancy, kidnapping, oil theft, and communal conflicts threaten stability in South-South Nigeria. Traditional kinetic security measures, while providing temporary relief, fail to address the root causes of insecurity, perpetuating cycles of violence. This study critically examines the role of intelligence gathering and non-kinetic strategies in crime control, emphasizing their potential to transform the region's security landscape. Non-kinetic approaches, including socio-economic empowerment, community engagement, and conflict resolution, target underlying drivers like poverty, unemployment, and environmental degradation. Using a mixed-methods design, findings highlight the effectiveness of grassroots intelligence gathering, skill empowerment initiatives, and advocacy programs, such as school-based crime prevention clubs, in reducing criminal behavior. Guided by Routine Activities and Social Disorganization Theories, the study recommends prioritizing vocational training, enhancing community-police collaboration, and implementing conflict resolution mechanisms. These strategies offer a sustainable pathway to peace and security in South-South Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Intelligent gathering
  topic: keywords
subject: crime control
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
subject: sociological view
  topic: keywords
creator: W. O. Williams
creator: D. C. Enamhe
creator: T. J. Omotosho
creator: Terso Asongo
creator: F. Uyang
creator: Agba Ogaboh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 104
ending page: 119

Youth unemployment and criminal activities in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study examines the relationship between youth unemployment and criminal activities in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria. It explores the link between unemployment and youth involvement in property crimes, violent crimes, and cybercrimes. The study adopts Robert Merton’s structural strain theory and employs a correlational research design. A sample of 800 respondents was selected using Taro Yamane’s formula, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Multistage sampling, including stratified, simple random, systematic, and purposive techniques, was applied. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson’s correlation at a 0.05 significance level. Findings reveal a significant relationship between youth unemployment and property crime, violent crime, and cybercrime. The study concludes that high unemployment drives youth criminality and recommends legislative efforts to boost agriculture and enhance rehabilitation programs equipping offenders with entrepreneurial skills.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Youth unemployment
  topic: keywords
subject: crime
  topic: keywords
subject: property crime
  topic: keywords
subject: violent crime
  topic: keywords
subject: cybercrime
  topic: keywords
creator: Dorothy Ikpeme
creator: Patrick Ndem
creator: John Onun
creator: Isaac Aganyi
creator: Nfawa Ibiang
creator: Anthony Ekong
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 89
ending page: 103

The role of public administration in enhancing policy implementation: A case study of Cross River State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study examines the role of public administration in enhancing policy implementation in Cross River State, Nigeria. It assesses the effectiveness of public administration structures and identifies challenges faced by administrators. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires and stakeholder interviews. Findings highlight key effectiveness factors such as resource availability, staff competency, technological support, and community engagement, with the latter emerging as the most crucial (frequency = 152). A Chi-Square analysis (χ² = 28.98, p = 2.26e-06) confirms a significant relationship between public administration structures and policy success. Challenges identified include resource constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, political interference, and inadequate training. The study recommends capacitybuilding initiatives, stronger community engagement, and inter-agency collaboration to enhance policy implementation. These reforms can improve governance and service delivery, aligning policies with citizens’ needs. This research contributes to public administration literature and offers practical insights for policymakers in Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Capacity-building
  topic: keywords
subject: Community engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource availability
  topic: keywords
creator: Edem Ebong
creator: Idorenyin L. Udousoro
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 58
ending page: 67

Naira scarcity and the socioeconomic wellbeing of residents in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Scarcity of banknotes is an unfavourable economic reality, which usually leaves serious strains on the socioeconomic development of the nation. The recent nationwide cash scarcity in Nigeria (December 2022–March 2023) motivated this study to examine the relationship between naira scarcity and socioeconomic wellbeing in Calabar metropolis, Cross River State. Key variables included academic activities, commercial activities, and access to healthcare. Talcott Parsons’ social equilibrium theory provided the theoretical framework. The study employed a descriptive design with 400 respondents selected via Taro Yamane’s sampling method and multistage sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with Pearson’s correlation at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed a significant relationship between naira scarcity and disruptions in education, commerce, and healthcare access. The study concluded that access to money is crucial for socioeconomic stability. It recommended expanding student loan and scholarship schemes, improving communication of monetary policies by the Central Bank of Nigeria, and extending the national health insurance scheme to reduce reliance on out-ofpocket healthcare expenses.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Naira scarcity
  topic: keywords
subject: socioeconomic wellbeing
  topic: keywords
subject: academic activities
  topic: keywords
subject: commercial activities
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare access
  topic: keywords
creator: Dorothy Ikpeme
creator: Dorothy Afu
creator: Victoria Undeshi
creator: Eshiga Agbor
creator: Gertrude Agbor
creator: John Betiang
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 43
ending page: 57

Raising citizens’ consciousness on attitudinal change, establishment of crime advocacy clubs in schools and crime control
type: item
description: This research explores the effectiveness of non-kinetic security strategies, including raising awareness on attitudinal change and establishing crime advocacy clubs in schools, as tools for crime control in South-South Nigeria. Utilizing a multi-stage sampling method, the study gathers data from diverse socio-economic groups via structured questionnaires and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). Results reveal that community awareness campaigns, skill development initiatives, and educational programs significantly enhance crime prevention efforts by addressing the socio-economic root causes of criminal behavior. The establishment of crime advocacy clubs emerges as a transformative tool, fostering early behavioral change and promoting youth participation in crime reduction. The study underscores the relevance of theoretical frameworks such as Situational Crime Prevention Theory and Routine Activities Theory in designing strategies to address insecurity. Recommendations include intensifying public awareness campaigns, integrating crime advocacy clubs into educational systems, and promoting collaboration between policymakers, security agencies, and local communities to sustain security improvements.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Raising citizens’ consciousness
  topic: keywords
subject: attitudinal change
  topic: keywords
subject: crime advocacy clubs
  topic: keywords
subject: crime control
  topic: keywords
creator: T. J. Omotosho
creator: D. C. Enamhe
creator: F. Uyang
creator: W. O. Williams
creator: Terso Asongo
creator: A. Agba
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 25
ending page: 42

The electric car revolution in Africa: How long will it take and who will best accomplish it?
type: item
description: The shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) represents a transformative opportunity for Africa, promising to reduce carbon emissions, improve urban air quality, and foster sustainable development. However, the pace and success of this revolution remain uncertain, influenced by the continent’s unique economic, infrastructural, and social contexts. This article critically examines the current state of the electric car revolution in Africa, assessing the challenges and opportunities inherent in adopting EV technologies across diverse African markets. By analyzing key factors such as energy infrastructure, affordability, government policies, and private sector involvement, the study highlights the complex interplay between technological readiness and socioeconomic realities. Special attention is given to countries like Nigeria, South Africa, and Kenya, where emerging EV initiatives showcase varying levels of progress and potential. The role of international partnerships, investment in renewable energy, and capacity building are identified as pivotal in accelerating the transition. Furthermore, the article explores who is best positioned to drive this revolution, weighing the influence of governments, multinational corporations, local entrepreneurs, and grassroots organizations. It is noticeable, that the transition to electric mobility faces significant hurdles, such as unreliable electricity grids, high initial costs, and limited charging infrastructure, innovative policy frameworks and growing environmental awareness offer hope for meaningful progress. Ultimately, this article argues that Africa’s electric car revolution will be a gradual, multifaceted process requiring coordinated efforts among public and private sectors, regional cooperation, and sustained investment. The findings provide a roadmap for stakeholders seeking to realize Africa’s clean mobility future within the next two decades.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electric Vehicles
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Mobility
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable Energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy and Infrastructure
  topic: keywords
creator: Oluyemi Akintoye
creator: Edwin Onuoha
creator: Asuquo Etim
creator: Ubong Harrison
creator: Taiwo Akintoye
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 350
ending page: 357

Pension administration and post-retirement welfare of university employees in Nigeria: A situational analysis of Benue State University
type: item
description: This study examined the effect of the Contributory Pension Administration (CPA) on the post-retirement welfare of retirees in Nigeria, a situational analysis of Benue State University. Survey design was adopted, and the population comprised all 557 retired staff of the institution from 2019 to 2023. Two hypotheses were formulated, and a 5-point Likert questionnaire was administered to 233 retirees of the institution who were selected using the Taro Yamane sample size determination formula. The main instrument of data collection was a document study and a set of questionnaires which was administered to the retirees using snowball sampling technique. The data collected were analyzed with frequency count and percentage while the hypotheses were tested with Pearson correlation coefficient (r) at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that the contributory pension has not been able to improve the welfare of retirees (p = 0.275, p > 0.05). Also, the correlation is not statistically significant (p = 0.310, p > 0.05), indicating that there is no strong or meaningful relationship between contributory pension administration and the prompt payment of retirement benefits. As such, despite the introduction of the contributory pension scheme, retirees are still confronted with so much hardship that negatively impacts their general well-being and standard of living. The study recommended that: Digitalization of Pension Records, implementation of digital pension records to eliminate bureaucratic bottlenecks and ensure efficient processing of payments. The government should review the contributory pension scheme to increase contributions and ensure sustainability. To avoid negative effects of physical stress, the retirees should plan well for their retirement by investing in other ventures while in the service for a sustainable lifestyle. Retirees should focus on alternative routes of income to supplement retirement benefits.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Contributory Pension Scheme
  topic: keywords
subject: Retirees, Tertiary Institutions of Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Post-retirement
  topic: keywords
subject: Welfare
  topic: keywords
creator: Beconson Ikaka
creator: Melford Echadu
creator: Thomas Ade
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 333
ending page: 349

ICT-Aided Supervision and Teachers’ Job Performance in Secondary Schools in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria.
type: item
description: This study aimed at determining the relationship between ICT-aided Supervision and Teachers job Performance in Secondary Schools in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria. Two sub-variables were used to state the purpose of the study, research questions and statement of hypotheses. The population of the study consist of two thousand, nine hundred and thirty three teachers (2,933) in eighty-nine (89) public secondary schools in Cross River State. Stratified sampling technique was used in this study. A sample size of seven hundred and three (703) teachers were selected and used for the study. Instrument titled; Information and Communication (ICT)- aided Supervision and Teachers Job Performance Questionnaire (ICTASTJPQ) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by two experts in test and measurement. A reliability estimates of 0. 78 and 0.86 was obtained using Cronbach alpha reliability estimate. Simple linear Regression was used for data analysis. The results of these findings revealed that there is a significant prediction of Closed-Circuit Television, Internet Facilities, Video- Conferencing and use of computers with teachers Job Performance. There was also a significant joint prediction of ICT-aided supervision with teachers Job Performance. Summary and implication to this study were made based on the result obtained from this study. It was recommended therefore that school principals should ensure the use of CCTV primarily for safety, classroom management and enhancing teaching practices and not for micromanaging teachers. When used thoughtfully, CCTV can contribute to enhanced teacher’s performance, better classroom management and improved overall outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ICT- based Supervision
  topic: keywords
subject: teachers job performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Classroom management instructional supervision
  topic: keywords
creator: Ikpi Okoi
creator: Ebri Etowa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 320
ending page: 332

The challenges of neoliberal strategies in the management of tropical rainforests in Cross River State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Neoliberalism is an economic philosophy that favors free markets, reduced government control, privatization, and policies that support private sector growth and globalization. The adoption of REDD+, in contrast to the highly publicized but conflicting, government-championed strict forest management strategies, has continued for decades in Cross River State. However, the management of tropical rainforests in Cross River State, Nigeria, has increasingly been shaped by neoliberal policies prioritizing market-driven solutions such as ecotourism and carbon trading. While these approaches promise economic growth and environmental conservation, they have faced significant challenges in practice. This article explores the limitations of neoliberal forest management in the region, focusing on issues such as the exclusion of local communities, the degradation of ecosystems, and weak governance structures. Despite the intentions of neoliberal strategies, these policies have often overlooked local knowledge and failed to address the root causes of deforestation, such as illegal logging and unsustainable land use. The article argues for a more inclusive, community-centered approach to forest management that recognizes Indigenous rights, incorporates traditional ecological knowledge, and strengthens regulatory frameworks to ensure the long-term sustainability of Cross River State’s tropical rainforests.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Poststructural geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Neoliberal Forest Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiple environmentalities
  topic: keywords
subject: Tropical rainforests
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-governing technologies
  topic: keywords
creator: Akintoye Ayorinde
creator: Ubong Harrison
creator: Asuquo Etim
creator: Onuoha Edwin
creator: Akintoye Adesola
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 309
ending page: 319

Public policy, economic growth, and poverty reduction: A comparative analysis of Cross River State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study, titled "Public Policy, Economic Growth, and Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Analysis of Cross River State, Nigeria," investigates the relationship between public policies, economic growth, and poverty alleviation. The objectives were to evaluate policy effectiveness, pinpoint areas for improvement, and identify challenges affecting outcomes in the state. A survey research method was utilized, collecting primary data through structured questionnaires from 384 participants, including residents, policymakers, and business owners. Key indicators assessed included income levels, employment opportunities, access to public services, and perceptions of policy outcomes. Data analysis, employing descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test, revealed that while policies have led to progress in employment, education, healthcare, and infrastructure, systemic challenges persist. Respondents identified improper implementation (31.3%) and political instability and corruption (21.4%) as key obstacles. The Chi-square test showed a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.004) between public policies and poverty reduction, underscoring the importance of governance in achieving sustainable development. The study concludes that public policies have moderately advanced economic growth and poverty reduction but face constraints from governance inefficiencies. Recommendations include better policy coordination, increased resource allocation, anti-corruption measures, and strengthened monitoring and evaluation systems to enhance long-term impact and adaptability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Economic Growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Poverty Reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Policies
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-Economic Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Edem Ebong
creator: Idorenyin Udousoro
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 301
ending page: 308

Evaluation of heavy metals concentration in some mollusc species and human health risk in selected communities of Bakor sub-tribe, Ogoja, Nigeria
type: item
description: The assessment of certain metals in the tissues of gastropods sourced from selected communities in Ogoja local government area was conducted between August and October 2024. Selected heavy metals, including As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Ni, and Zn, were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The analysis of heavy metal concentrations in A. marginata indicated that Zinc levels were the highest throughout the period. Similarly, V. contectus also exhibited the highest Zinc levels, with measurements of 3.1840 ± 0.24936 mg/kg in August and 3.3540 ± 0.24327 mg/kg in October. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference (P < 0.05) between Zn and Ni compared to other metals across the species. The observed trend in mean heavy metal concentrations for A. marginata over the months was Zn > Ni > Cd > Pb > Hg > As. In contrast, V. contectus exhibited a different trend, with mean concentrations of Zn > Ni > Cd > Pb > As > Hg. It was also observed that the concentration of heavy metals in the aquatic snail V. contectus surpassed that of the land snail A. marginata. Consumers of gastropods, particularly A. marginata and V. contectus in Ogoja, should be informed through public awareness campaigns about the risks associated with consuming contaminated food due to the ongoing and indiscriminate disposal of waste in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Archachatina marginata
  topic: keywords
subject: Viviparus contectus
  topic: keywords
subject: Lead (Pb)
  topic: keywords
subject: mercury (Hg)
  topic: keywords
subject: cadmium (Cd)
  topic: keywords
subject: zinc (Zn)
  topic: keywords
creator: Chris Diminyi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 289
ending page: 300

Social work intervention and management of indigent patients in government hospitals in Cross River State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Social work intervention involves the deliberate acts and processes of helping clients to achieve a functional state and to meet their needs. The services social workers render consist of assessing, diagnosing, caring for, and solving the various problems of patients or clients assigned to them. Social workers also help clients rebuild skills, cope with social situations, and reduce distress in everyday life. It is more worrisome that indigent patients in a health facility are neglected or abandoned by health practitioners such as doctors, and nurses just because of the unavailability of medical social workers. For this reason, they fail to provide optimum responses that would enable indigent persons to live meaningful existence and be socially functioning in society. This paper uses quantitative analysis and secondary data to examine the management of indigent patients and the place of the social work profession as a moving force in social engineering to help indigent patients achieve a balance. Data were collected through the administration of questionnaires and presented using frequencies and descriptive statistics. The results of the study revealed that social work advocacy, rehabilitation, counselling, and referrals have a significant influence on the management of indigent patients in CRS. The paper concludes that among indigent patients in government hospitals in Cross River States, social work practice has played enormous roles in their lives through advocacy, social work rehabilitation, social work counselling, and social work referral. The study therefore recommends among others that the governments of Cross River State should intensify efforts to ensure that social work advocacy service is well entrenched in all government hospitals so that the majority of patients including indigent patients will access and benefit from the services.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social work practice
  topic: keywords
subject: indigent Patient
  topic: keywords
subject: management
  topic: keywords
subject: government hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Legbel Ogar
creator: Ikwen Agba
creator: Fatimah Ngim
creator: Paddy Bassey
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 271
ending page: 288

Healthcare delivery and rural development in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area, Nigeria
type: item
description: The main focus of this research was on the healthcare delivery and rural development in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area. To achieve this, the study adopted four specific objectives, thus: to identify the impact of immunization on rural development in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area; to examine how family planning/maternal child health impact rural development in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area; To find out whether the prevention and control of endemic diseases influence rural development in Ikot Ekpene Local Government Area. These variables were further used to form the research hypothesis. An in-depth was taken in this work to harness the relationship primary health care services has on infant mortality, and the study has considered conceptual and empirical stand points of various academic authorities. The survey research design was adopted; simple random and probability sampling techniques were uses to sample respondents for the study. Out of the population of 180,500, a sample of participants were purposively chosen for the study. The main tool for data collection was the questionnaire. Chi-square statistical tool was used to test the stated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The hypotheses tested justified significant relationships with the variables tested. This connoted that there exists significant relationship between immunization, family planning/maternal health, and rural development in the study area. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, it was recommended that: there is dire need for the Local Government Area as well as other tiers of government to increase their budgetary allocation on health sector to cater for the provision of drugs and vaccines in combating the myriad of killer diseases in children; Comprehensive rehabilitation and. maintenance of existing health facilities through the provision of needed items or equipment should be made.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Healthcare delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: rural development
  topic: keywords
subject: immunization
  topic: keywords
subject: family planning
  topic: keywords
subject: endemic diseases influence
  topic: keywords
creator: Nnana Ofem
creator: Lilian Ubi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 256
ending page: 270

Integration of social work intervention and literacy education: A catalyst for inclusive national development
type: item
description: Despite considerable advancements in social work and literacy education, the problem of addressing the intertwined barriers that perpetuate systemic disadvantage and hinder inclusive national development still remains. While social work has focused on supporting vulnerable populations and addressing issues such as poverty, mental health and social injustice, literacy education has focused on providing the literacy and communication skills essential for individual and community development. This paper explores the integration of social work interventions and literacy education as a transformative, synergistic approach to catalysing grassroots empowerment and dismantling structural barriers to progress. Using methods of textual analysis, speculation and synthesis, the paper explores how this integrated paradigm transcends mere skill acquisition and positions literacy as a tool for critical consciousness, civic engagement and collective upliftment. Complemented the strengths based, culturally responsive practices of social work, marginalised communities are equipped with the skills to navigate complex systems, assert rights and drive structural reform. The paper concludes that this approach compellingly recalibrates our understanding of what constitutes development, transcending narrow economic metrics to encompass the realisation of human potential, the establishment of social justice, and the promotion of civic engagement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social work
  topic: keywords
subject: literacy education
  topic: keywords
subject: National development
  topic: keywords
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Intervention
  topic: keywords
creator: H. A. Andong
creator: B. G. Abangbeshie
creator: M. U. Ubana
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 246
ending page: 255

Ageism and coping strategies among the elderly in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study examined ageism and coping strategies among the elderly in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to find extent internalized ageism, workplace ageism and interpersonal ageism exert significant influence on the coping strategies among the elderly in Calabar South. One null hypothesis was formulated; relevant literatures were also reviewed. The Intergroup contact theory and Social Identity Theory were adopted as the theoretical framework for the study. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Chi-square (X2) was used to test the hypotheses which revealed that internalized ageism exerts significant influence on coping strategies among the elderly. There is significant relationship between workplace ageism and coping strategies among the elderly. And that there exists a relationship between interpersonal ageism and seeking spiritual comfort among the elderly in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State. It was therefore recommended that; social workers should organize activities aimed at spreading awareness of different types of characteristics in the aging process. There should be public enlightenment so that people can adopt preventive behaviors, seek medical treatment, and no longer believe in negative stereotypes about inevitable declines in health due to aging.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ageism
  topic: keywords
subject: Coping
  topic: keywords
subject: strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: elderly and vulnerable
  topic: keywords
creator: Chimaobi Okorie
creator: Chukwudi Ezikeudu
creator: Ikechukwu Opara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 232
ending page: 245

Witchcraft perceptions and branding of the aged among Efiks and Ibibios of Southern Nigeria
type: item
description: Witchcraft is one astounding and disturbing social phenomenon in southern Nigeria, particularly among the Efiks and Ibibios of South-South Geo-political Zone of Nigeria. More excruciating is the negative perceptions most persons have about witchcraft and the consequent branding of the aged as witches and wizards. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, five research objectives were developed namely: to determine the general perceptions about the aged involvement in witchcraft among the Efiks and Ibibios; ascertain the factors influencing the branding of aged as witches and wizards among the Efiks and Ibibios; identify the challenges faced by the aged arising from their branding as witches and wizards; find out the negative effects of witchcraft branding on social development agenda; ascertain the perceived curses of aging among the Efiks and Ibibios and to discover the measures that can curb witchcraft branding of the aged among the Efiks and Ibibios. This study adopted the mixed method, utilizing both theoretical (documentary) and qualitative approaches. The key informant interview was used to elicit responses from the aged, traditional rulers, community leaders, and caregivers. One hundred and fifty-two (152) responses were analyzed using the content analysis method and key informant indicators. The findings showed that the aged are labelled as witches and wizard which thus diminish their sense of dignity, selfworth, and quality of life. Among the Efiks and Ibibios, getting old attracts fear and psychological trauma to the extent that most of the elderly or aged have wished that death come early. The aged are often accused of witchcraft, and being responsible for the misfortunes and failures of their children, family, and society. This makes them susceptible to labeling, stigmatization, and abuse. This mislabeling social negative construct is ravaging the lives of the aged and is in direct violation and contravention of the fundamental human rights laws and…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: aged
  topic: keywords
subject: branding
  topic: keywords
subject: perception
  topic: keywords
subject: witchcraft
  topic: keywords
subject: social development
  topic: keywords
subject: curse
  topic: keywords
subject: blessing
  topic: keywords
creator: Ude Obeten
creator: Brown Isokon
creator: Legbel Ogar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 219
ending page: 231

Mental health implication of nomadic influx and rural banditry in North-Central Region of Nigeria
type: item
description: This study explores the mental health implication of nomadic influx and rural banditry in the north-central region of Nigeria. The persistent influx of nomadic groups, coupled with escalating rural banditry and criminality has profoundly disrupted the socio-economic fabric of the region. Through secondary sources of data collection, the research examines the distress experienced by affected populations and it effect on the Nigerian State. The findings reveal heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among residents, exacerbated by the frequent and unpredictable nature of attacks. Community cohesion has deteriorated, leading to a pervasive sense of insecurity and mistrust. The study underscores the necessity for comprehensive mental health interventions, enhanced security measures, and policies aimed at fostering social integration and resilience. Addressing these psychological impacts is crucial for restoring stability and promoting sustainable development in the north-central region of Nigeria
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Disruption of cultural continuity
  topic: keywords
subject: mental health
  topic: keywords
subject: stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmad Abdullahi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 214
ending page: 218

Decolonization of social work: A panacea for effective and efficient social work practice in post-colonial Nigeria
type: item
description: This paper is aimed at showcasing the importance of decolonization of social work as a strategy for effective and efficient indigenous social work practice in Nigeria. This study sees the continuous dependence and utilization of alien theories, paradigms, perspectives, and methods constructed or developed predominantly with little or no consideration of the multi-cultural context of the practice field in Nigeria as alienate, thus neo-colonialization. It argues that colonization as a fact of ideas, not essentially of governance, is made possible through indoctrination. It sees western education: driven essentially by western based curricular, philosophies, theories, and methods as agents of neo-colonization. These, the paper argues, relegates, indigenous knowledge and demonizes indigenous cultural practices thus making it difficult, for effective, and fruitful social work practice in post-colonial multiethnic states such as Nigeria. The paper believes that even though indigenization of social work practice is a vital means to achieving a result-oriented practice, its potentials for absoluteness is limited by its dependence on nonindigenous theories, perspectives and methods for practice. A mental re-orientation on the reality of the multicultural practice field, with its accompanying diverse norms, values, language and worldview together with practical effort at re-abstraction, and reconstruction of the knowledge base of the practice through utilization of indigenous knowledge and methods is a way out of decolonization and a guarantee for a more effective, efficient and inclusive social work practice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Decolonization
  topic: keywords
subject: Indoctrination
  topic: keywords
subject: Neo-colonization
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenous knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenization
  topic: keywords
subject: norms
  topic: keywords
subject: values
  topic: keywords
subject: re-abstraction
  topic: keywords
subject: reconstruction and re-orientation
  topic: keywords
creator: Walter Mboto
creator: Pius Akah
creator: Ageh Egbara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 207
ending page: 213

Microfinance banks’ services and poverty alleviation in rural communities in Cross River State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study examines the impact of microfinance bank services on poverty alleviation in rural Nigeria, addressing the alarming poverty rate, with 63% of Nigerians experiencing multidimensional poverty—72% in rural areas. Using a mixed-method approach, data were collected through questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs) from 105 respondents, employing stratified and simple random sampling. A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted, and data were analyzed using Chi-square (X²). The result of the analyzed data portrayed that microfinance banks’ services measured in terms of socio-economic wellbeing, people’s access to credit facilities, and sustainable poverty alleviation is significantly associated with the services of microfinance banks in rural communities in Nigeria. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that there should be sustainable refinancing arrangement which is the only sure way to guarantee microfinance banks to move their most vulnerable clients above the poverty line. There should be change in credit focus –diversification to pursue the microfinance banks core objectives with a consistent as well as concerted efforts to reach the target of microfinance banks. Besides, there should be need for massive awareness creation of microfinance banking in terms of what it is, what it is not, as well as its gains and development potentials to extricate the poor in rural communities in Nigeria from the courage of poverty.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: credit focus-diversification
  topic: keywords
subject: awareness creation
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable refinancing
  topic: keywords
subject: Microfinance
  topic: keywords
subject: Poverty Alleviation
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Communities
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Services
  topic: keywords
creator: Oru Tiku
creator: Brown Isokon
creator: Pius Akah
creator: Dickson Agbor
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 200
ending page: 206

Library science education, social work interventions and national development
type: item
description: Crucial as social work has become in the equation of having a developed society, it still has to leverage on other unique human endeavours, one of which being library science education. This article takes a look at the relationship between library science education and social work with the aim of establishing how library science education can enhance the effectiveness of social workers in the discharge of their duties. Based on extensively reviewed literature, it is argued in the article that since library science education is concerned with effective storage, preservation and retrieval of data and social work most times rely on data for its effectiveness in causing national development, there exist a strong relationship between library science education and social work intervention for national development. The following are identified and discussed as areas the two disciplines relate: data gathering, general research, information sourcing and information preservation. The conclusion is that the two disciplines must work together in the push towards national development. Hence, it is recommended, among others, that library science education stakeholders should work towards creating effective, rich and easily accessible library and that in the cause of their duties, social work stakeholders should give primacy to patronizing library, for the purposes of data gathering and storing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Library Science Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Work
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Management
  topic: keywords
subject: National Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Information Preservation
  topic: keywords
creator: Okon Siada
creator: Mary Bassey
creator: Gladys Odey
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 191
ending page: 199

Artificial intelligence: The missing link in fighting crimes and insecurity in Nigeria
type: item
description: Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable tool in combating crimes and insecurities especially in developed countries. AI systems have played a prominent role in ensuring the overall security architecture of many countries. Thus, this study investigates how adopting artificial intelligence can help combat crimes and insecurities in Nigeria. The study found that the traditional means of fighting crimes and insecurities in Nigeria have not yielded significant impacts since the rate of crimes and insecurities in the country is still on the increase. Another finding from the study indicated that artificial intelligence has the potential to significantly improve the state of security in Nigeria by enhancing the speed, accuracy, and efficiency of the country's security operatives. Artificial intelligence can help address crimes and insecurity challenges in the country such as terrorism, piracy, trans-border crime, kidnapping, cybercrime, banditry, Fulani herdsmen–farmer clashes, and other forms of crimes and deviant behaviours. The study also revealed that Artificial intelligence can help in predictive policing, behavioural analysis, content moderation, rehabilitation and support, etc. The study concluded that despite the positive effects of Artificial intelligence, however, the implementation of Artificial intelligence is not without challenges which include inadequate data, lack of military hardware for possible AI integration, non-existent of knowledge base, etc. Finally, the study recommends the effective integration of AI tools into Nigeria’s security architecture to help tackle crimes and insecurities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Crimes
  topic: keywords
subject: Insecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Diyeli Aigbe
creator: Oluwasola Oni
creator: Felix Akinboboye
creator: Stanley Eze
creator: Isaac Adi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 184
ending page: 190

Germaneness of human capital variables to health indicators in Nigeria.
type: item
description: Nigeria is a country rich in resources, though heavily relying on revenue from crude oil exports. To experience increased productivity, economic growth and improved welfare for its citizenry, it is imperative for such economy to reinvest revenue in infrastructural development and most importantly in human capital especially with the rising price of crude oil in the global market. Recent budgetary allocations to education, health and training according to literature, is supposed to have a direct bearing on the productivity of citizens. Health outcomes in the country have shown that recent spending in public and private spending does not impact health and wellbeing of citizens. Guided by three equations based on the objectives, using data set from 1996 to 2023, the study determined the long run effect of human capital development on life expectancy, maternal mortality and under-five mortality using the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Model and unit root testing, co-integration. The result showed that long-term investments in healthcare infrastructure have high prospects of reducing mortality rates, particularly under-five mortality rate. These further stresses the importance of sustained investments in the healthcare sector to record commendable progress in public health outcomes. The study recommended the promotion of policies that mitigate the financial burden on families by supporting affordable healthcare services, which inversely impacts maternal mortality rates and other health indicators in the country.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Human Capital
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: SDGs and Economic Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Eugene Ifere
creator: Uduak Thomas
creator: Nakanda Nakanda
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 172
ending page: 183

Taxation and profitability of small and medium enterprises in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria.
type: item
description: The study examined the impact of taxation on small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State. Three objectives and hypothesis were formulated to guide the study. The survey design was employed and primary data was collected from two hundred respondents who were randomly selected. The primary data were analysed using simple percentage while the three hypotheses were tested using chi-square (X2) at 0.05 level of significance. Findings from the Chi-square results showed that multiple taxation constitute a major challenge to the performance of SMEs in Calabar South and government is not accountable for taxes on SMEs in Calabar South. Based on the findings, the study recommended that Government should formulate a policy that will reduce illegal taxation on the small and medium enterprises in the country. Furthermore, for Small and Medium Enterprises to get better equipped, have enough funds and survive in a competitive market, the rate of tax levied on the these enterprises should be reduced and Government should design tax policies aimed at encouraging growth and development of SMEs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Taxation
  topic: keywords
subject: Profitability
  topic: keywords
subject: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
  topic: keywords
creator: Eugene Ifere
creator: Maurice Okon
creator: Omini Ibiang
creator: Christy Eja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 145
ending page: 154

The future of vocational training in Nigeria: Addressing skill gaps for economic development
type: item
description: The future of vocational training in Nigeria holds significant promise for addressing the country's critical skill gaps and driving economic development. With an expanding youth population and a rapidly evolving global economy, Nigeria faces a pressing need to equip its workforce with relevant, market-driven skills. This paper explores the role of vocational education and training (VET) in bridging the widening skill gap, focusing on key sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, technology, and construction. It examines the challenges facing Nigeria's vocational training system, including inadequate infrastructure, outdated curricula, and limited industry partnerships, while also highlighting innovative approaches such as public-private collaborations, technology enhanced learning, and the integration of soft skills. By aligning vocational training programmes with the demands of the labour market and fostering entrepreneurship, Nigeria can create a skilled workforce capable of driving sustainable economic growth, reducing unemployment, and enhancing national competitiveness in the global market. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen vocational training, promoting lifelong learning and skills development as pivotal components of Nigeria's economic transformation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vocational training
  topic: keywords
subject: Skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Gaps
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic development
  topic: keywords
creator: Victoria Ejikpese
creator: Veronica Effiom
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 127
ending page: 144

Conflict management strategies and performance of health institutions in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State
type: item
description: The study examined conflict management strategies and performance of Health Institutions in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State. The specific objectives were: to examine the impact of cognitive strategy on performance of Health Institutions and to determine the impact of behavioural strategy on performance of Health Institutions. Survey research design and primary sources of data were employed in the study. The study employed Person product moment correlation to analyse the data. The analysis revealed that cognitive strategy had a positive impact on performance of Health Institutions. Also, revealed that behavioural strategy had a positive impact on performance of Health Institutions. Based on the findings, the following recommendations are made: Health Institutions must accept the needs to influence the developmental dynamics of a conflict, so that the parties' attitudes and actions will lead to better coordination and a more appropriate interdependence. Also, Health Institutions should apply the situational approach to conflict management because methods of conflict management which is appropriate in one case may not necessarily be appropriate when applied to a conflict generated from another source.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Conflict management strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: cognitive strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: behavioural strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Institutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Egong Mike
creator: Beauty Usoroh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 80
ending page: 88

The Nigerian cashless policy and e-banking operations: Interrogating the challenges
type: item
description: This article is timely as it hinges on the Nigerian Cashless Policy and E- Banking operations and the challenges posed by this development. In recent times, almost all the economies in the globe are pushing for cashless policy with the aim of strengthening global currency, mitigate financial fraud, easy financial transactions and to develop global economy. In Nigeria cashless policy has come to stay as a policy decision of the Central Bank of Nigeria with the government laying emphasis and encouraging Nigerians to embrace the policy .Cashless policy is not without challenges which has limited the progress of the policy. This article seek to address the challenges with viable explanation and the way forward.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cashless policy
  topic: keywords
subject: E- Banking and Digital Banking
  topic: keywords
creator: Emmanuel Awubi
creator: Ubi Omini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 68
ending page: 79

The Nigerian government: The economic, sociological and political dimension of agitation for national minimum wage
type: item
description: This paper analyzes the economic, sociological, and political dimensions of the Nigerian government's stance on labor agitation for a legal minimum wage. It views minimum wage as essential for organizational progress and emphasizes the need for employers to adopt sustainable wages, incentives, and welfare packages to enhance worker satisfaction. Workers' unrest often stems from economic hardship, inflation, and inadequate welfare. The study examines the historical context of Nigeria’s minimum wage policies and the challenges hindering its implementation. Using the economic theory of legal minimum wage, it identifies key obstacles, including political indifference, inadequate funding, poor leadership, and widespread poverty. Findings highlight the negative impact of these challenges on workers' well-being and economic stability. The study recommends that the government prioritize living wages, salaries, and incentives to improve workers’ welfare, enhance productivity, and strengthen national development. Addressing these issues will ensure fair labor practices and better service delivery in Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Government
  topic: keywords
subject: National
  topic: keywords
subject: Minimum wage
  topic: keywords
subject: Remuneration
  topic: keywords
creator: Ofem Esekpa
creator: Wisdom Ekarika
creator: Fidlis Uzu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 11
ending page: 24